A Yale University economist who was nominated last summer to serve as the EU’s chief competition economist but withdrew her name after a backlash from European lawmakers, has sharply criticized Apple’s lax compliance with new EU antitrust rules, and also slammed the European Commission over its lax enforcement of the new rulebook, known as the Digital Markets Act (DMA).

“The first month of the DMA has seen Apple and Google basically saying ‘no,’ ” Fiona Scott Morton said at an antitrust conference organized by the University of Chicago on Friday. “The first response…has been, ‘we refuse to comply.’ ”