CVS has been hit with at least three federal class actions, including two antitrust cases accusing CVS Caremark Corp. and other pharmacy benefit managers, the intermediaries between insurance companies and pharmacies, of price-fixing prescription drug reimbursement rates.

The named defendants, GoodRx Inc.; GoodRx Holdings Inc.; CVS Caremark; Express Scripts Holding Co.; MedImpact Healthcare Systems Inc.; and Navitus Health Solutions LLC, were sued by Philadelphia Association of Retail Druggists in Rhode Island District Court and Esco Drug Co. in the Central District of California.