General trading companies, or sogo shosha, play a unique role in Japan’s economy. As their name implies, they trade, going abroad to acquire literally thousands of different products, these days most notably energy and natural resources, to sell to domestic Japanese industry.

They have been at the forefront of the recent strong-yen-fueled boom in outbound Japanese investment. Virtually all of the trading companies, which include Mitsubishi Corp., Sumitomo Corp., Mitsui & Co. and Itochu Corp., have made big multibillion-dollar mining investments recently, and Marubeni Corp. is reportedly close to acquiring U.S. grain trader Gavilon Corp. for $5.2 billion.

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