Anyone who has had the task of informing an executive that he or she must defend a discrimination charge understands why almost all protective employment laws contain an anti-retaliation provision. Counsel must ensure that the executive does not indulge even a subconscious urge to get even. While demotions, failure to promote, and outright firings have always been held to be “adverse employment actions,” the U.S. Supreme Court recently clarified that any employer act, even an act outside of the workplace, that is “materially adverse,” i.e., would deter an objectively reasonable person from pursuing statutory rights, is unlawful retaliation, provided that there is a nexus with the employee’s known statutorily protected activity, Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway Co. v. White, 126 S.Ct. 2405 (2006).

The Court cited the filing of unfounded criminal charges as an example of retaliatory employer conduct which could occur outside the workplace. One previously unsettled issue that Burlington Northern has done little to clarify is whether an employer’s civil lawsuits or counterclaims might constitute retaliation.

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