On Monday afternoon, a Broward day care employee discovered the body of 2-year-old Noah Sneed, who had been left in the company's van since it arrived in the morning.

Ceressa's Day Care and Preschool in Oakland Park used the van to bring children to and from its center. It did not respond to a phone call seeking comment, and has reportedly closed down while the Broward Sheriff's Office investigates.

But now, South Florida litigators say the case screams of criminal prosecution and civil litigation, with attorneys from defense and plaintiff bars seemingly agreeing the day care center and its employees would likely flounder in court.

Fort Lauderdale trial attorney John Uustal of Kelley Uustal said the child's parents could pursue a civil lawsuit with negligence claims, and potentially other legal violations under Florida's Wrongful Death Act.

To prove negligence, the plaintiffs would have to show the day care center or its staff acted in a way that is unreasonable considering its position. And this case checks the “foreseeable negligence” box, as Uustal sees it.

“It's easily foreseeable that if a child is left in a van in Florida, that they might die,” he said.

There might also be other negligence claims available, Uustal said, considering no one noticed that the child wasn't inside the facility until around 3 p.m.

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Indefensible?

It would be “almost impossible” to defend a negligence claim over this incident, according to civil defense attorney Dale Hightower of Hightower, Stratton, Novigrod & Kantor in Miami, who said it reminded him of the case where a toddler who was killed by an alligator at Disney World.

Disney didn't deny it was to blame and the family didn't sue, though there were reports of a confidential settlement, which is what Hightower would recommend if he were defending the day care center.

“You might as well do the right thing,” Hightower said. “And the right thing is for the company to accept responsibility and try to make changes in their company policies to keep that from happening again and try to reach a reasonable settlement.”

It also comes down to public image for the client, he said.

“If you do the right thing and say, 'We're sorry it happened, we're responsible and we're going to compensate the family for the loss of their child,' that's just good public relations for the company,” Hightower said.

For Christopher Marlowe of the Haggard Law Firm in Coral Gables, who specializes in litigation around wrongful death, negligent security and pool drownings, a successful civil case against the day care center would require scrutiny of the driver, the person who entrusted him or her with the van, and what training that driver had received.

“I don't want to prejudge it, but I would be shocked if they received a level of training commensurate with the dangers, especially in South Florida, of leaving kids in cars,” Marlowe said.

It's also important to consider who the defendant is, according to Marlowe.

“This isn't a grieving parent, relative or friend, who was busy and doing a favor picking up the child,” Marlowe said. “This company is in the business of, and presumably receiving money for, the professional care of children.”

The way Marlowe sees it, there's no defense.

“There just simply isn't one. The only remaining question is to find out how many people or how many entities are responsible for it,” he said. “But there is no mitigation or excuse that says, 'Well, under certain circumstances, it's OK to not know that there's a child in the car.' ”

Faced with a wrongful death lawsuit in this scenario, a defendant would be wise to “ throw themselves at the mercy of the plaintiff,” in Marlowe's opinion, which would mean conceding liability and leaving damages as the only question.

Danielle Cohen Higgins of the Cohen Law Firm in Miami has handled wrongful death and personal injury cases against day care centers in Florida, and agreed this case would be difficult to defend.

“I would assume, based on my 13 years of experience, that [the defendant] would not want this litigated, that they would want this resolved sooner rather than later, instead of playing out in a courtroom with media and the press following every step of the case,” she said.

Cohen Higgs said she can't see a scenario under which the child's family wouldn't want legal recourse through a wrongful death claim, possibly with punitive damages too, considering how “egregious” the facts appear.

“No dollar amount will ever bring back a loved one, and that's always the unfortunate conversation I have to have with my clients,” she said. “But it's the best legal system in the world, arguably, and it's the system that we have created to somehow compensate for the impossible, which is losing a loved one.”

Robert Boyers of the Boyers Law Group in Miami said the facts, while still emerging, seem to demonstrate the indefensible neglect of a child. Boyers handled a similar case in the Florida Keys. In that case, the child didn't die, but suffered heat stroke and temporary diminished function after being left on a hot bus. The litigation settled confidentially.

Robert Boyers. Courtesy photo. Robert Boyers. Courtesy photo.

“That was a situation where they didn't have the proper number of staff on the bus, and they didn't go through a checklist and make sure that the number of kids that got on the bus matched the number of kids that got off the bus,” Boyers said.

That's where industry standards come in, according to Boyers, who said a plaintiffs attorney would have to look at training, staff ratios and professional backgrounds, and whether there were any prior incidents at the day care center.

Regulatory agencies such as the Florida Department of Children and Families, in Boyers' experience, don't always have the resources to inspect and police day care centers to ensure compliance. That means legal accountability and financial penalties don't often match the alleged negligence, he said.

“All too often, we have to wait until a catastrophic event like this one occurs before the punishment really fits with a deviation from appropriate safety standards,” Boyers said.

Boyers recommends parents seek out day care centers with a gold seal of approval, a standard of care that's not required, but considered higher caliber in terms of education and safety.

Uustal pointed out that in situations like the one involving the Broward day care, the only possibility to recover damages would lie in the company's insurance policy, assuming there is one. According to Uustal, most states have more stringent insurance requirements than Florida.

“It's very, very common for people to be injured in the state of Florida and they're just out of luck,” he said. “Even though there's clear negligence, there's nothing that can be done because people don't have insurance.”

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A catalyst?

Civil litigators such as Cohen Higgins aim to plug that gap, using lawsuits as a way to incentivize compliance.

“I have to believe that there is a measure of heightened standard as a result of trial attorneys holding those accountable when tragedies like this happen,” Cohen Higgins said.

Twenty-four children, including Sneed, have died in hot cars across the country so far in 2019, according to KidsandCars.org, which campaigns on the issue.

One of the latest deaths happened Friday, when a New York man left his 1-year-old twins in the car while he went to work, having forgotten to drop them off at day care. The babies died, and he was charged with manslaughter and criminally negligent homicide.

Where companies are involved in a child's death, Marlowe said he's often heartened to see defendants have changed their ways after a major lawsuit.

“When I go back to visit the site of a tragedy, I have more times than not seen meaningful changes from the way it was when my client was injured or killed,” he said.

Hightower noted that some modern cars come with sensors that remind the driver to look in the backseat before getting out, which could be something for day care centers to consider using.

No matter the outcome, representing families who've lost a child is excruciating, in Boyers' experience.

“All you want to do is ease their pain, and you hope that getting them answers and holding the responsible parties legally accountable will help them to heal,” he said. “I also find that when parents know that their lawsuit is helping to make that and other day care centers safer for other kids, they find this tremendously empowering. Over time, it helps them to find closure.”

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