It's been a year of historic selloffs for U.S. equities.

Marked by surging inflation, jumbo-sized interest rate hikes, a darkening outlook on corporate earnings and recession clouds, the S&P 500 Index has lost 21%, on pace for its biggest slump since 2008. From crypto to former pandemic winners and so-called FAANG stocks, investors have been shaken out of their profit euphoria, sometimes in the blink of an eye.

For those who trod in the wrong places, the outcome has been painful. About half of a $9.1 trillion rout in the S&P 500 Index was the doing of just six megacaps: Amazon.com Inc., Apple Inc., Alphabet Inc., Microsoft Corp., Tesla Inc. and Meta Platforms Inc., each of which erased between $632 billion and $908 billion of market value.

Here's a closer look at some of the most stunning stock wipeouts of 2022:

Meta Platforms

The FAANGs — Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Netflix Inc. and Google — had it bad this year as surging bond yields prompted investors to flee stocks with the highest valuations.

Yet it was the former, renamed Meta, that suffered most, falling 66% to date. The Facebook owner had the worst day in its stock market history on Feb. 3 when it lost an estimated $251 billion in market value after posting disappointing earnings.

To that can be added regulatory and legal risks, cutbacks from advertisers and a crackdown on targeted ads by Apple. Plus, Chief Executive Officer Mark Zuckerberg's bet on virtual reality through the metaverse has cost the company billions and isn't expected to turn a profit anytime soon.

Still, analysts are looking to a revival in 2023, with the majority having buy ratings and the average price target implying 26% potential upside.

Coinbase Global Inc.

It's been a disastrous year for stocks with exposure to cryptocurrencies as digital tokens were pummeled by a series of blowups, including the collapse of a so-called stablecoin in May and the unravelling of the FTX crypto exchange in November.

And as the largest public U.S. crypto exchange platform, Coinbase has been among the hardest hit as investors yank coins off exchanges or exit the asset class as a whole. This year's 87% plunge in the stock has wiped out about $47 billion in market value.

Owning Coinbase shares is "making a bet on the whole crypto token ecosystem," according to Dan Dolev, an analyst at Mizuho Securities who has an underperform rating on the stock. "You're better off just owning Bitcoin, if you believe in Bitcoin," he said.

Not all analysts are so gloomy, with the average price target implying that the stock will more than double in the next 12 months.

Carvana Co.

It's been a difficult year for many stocks that not long ago were considered pandemic winners. Prime among them is the online car seller Carvana.

Having lost about 98% of its value in 2022, the company is one of the 10 worst performers in the Russell 3000. The difference with the other nine is that it was by far the biggest at the start of the year when its market value stood at about $39 billion.

Carvana had surged during the pandemic as consumers flocked to the digital platform to buy used cars. But declining prices, soaring inflation and the rising cost of debt cast doubt on the business model. The company struggled to restructure debt, and its bonds signal the market sees a potentially high chance of default.

"While the company has been aggressively cutting fixed expense, we also see execution risks as elevated," Truist Securities analyst Naved Khan wrote in a December note, downgrading the stock to hold from buy.

Peloton Interactive Inc.

Another lockdown winner turned loser is Peloton. Having lost a large part of its searing 2020 gains last year, the stock has slumped a further 78% in 2022, and now trades a long way below even its 2019 initial public offering price.

Peloton's story has moved beyond a reversal in once booming demand for its exercise bikes and fitness classes, with the company scrambling to cut jobs and offload operations following calls by activist investor Blackwells Capital LLC for the departure of Chief Executive Officer and co-founder John Foley. Foley stepped down as part of a leadership shakeup.

"I think we'll get an answer on whether Peloton survives in the next year," said Oppenheimer & Co. analyst Brian Nagel, who has an outperform rating on the stock. "Time is not on their side necessarily."

Analysts mostly look for the shares to rally in 2023, with the average price target implying 59% upside over the next 12 months.

Affirm Holdings Inc.

Peloton's struggles have had a knock-on effect on Affirm, the buy-now-pay-later lender whose revenue was boosted during the pandemic by a partnership between the firms.

Affirm last month reduced its forecast for gross merchandise value associated with the fitness company as it posted a loss and cut revenue targets. That prompted a further slide in its stock, which has tumbled more than 90% this year.

After exploding during the pandemic, buy-now-pay-later firms face mounting challenges as rising rates and soaring inflation begin to squeeze household incomes. They're also facing a high cost of capital and scrutiny over fees. Among payment peers, PayPal Holdings Inc. has fallen 64% this year, while Block Inc. is down 63%.

Piper Sandler analyst Kevin Barker, who has a neutral rating on Affirm, says costlier capital and increasing competition in the space has been weighing on the stock. "They're just in a very competitive sector," he said.

Target Corp.

Target saw its worst single-day drop since the 1987 Black Monday crash after slashing profit forecasts in May, sinking 25% and giving back much of its pandemic gains.

The stock has failed to recover since, and with a year-to-date slide of 37% is now on course for the biggest annual decline since Bloomberg records began in 1980.

Like most retailers, Target has felt the pain of bloated inventories and higher costs for merchandise, transportation and labor at a time when consumers are cutting back on spending. The company warned in November of a potential drop in comparable sales during the current quarter, the first decline in five years. It also predicted operating profit will shrink to about 3% of revenue — roughly half the previous forecast.

According to Citigroup Inc. analyst Paul Lejuez, the near-term "is likely to remain volatile" for Target. Still, he has a buy rating on the stock, as do many others. Indeed, none of the more than 35 analysts the cover the retailer have a sell recommendation, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.

Alicia Diaz reports for Bloomberg News.

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