Many science fiction fans will no doubt recognize the quote, "I'm sorry Dave, I can't do that," uttered by the HAL 9000 computer in the 1968 film "2001: A Space Odyssey." The creation of the great science fiction writer, Arthur C. Clarke, HAL—short for Heuristically Programmed Algorithmic Computer—prophetically possessed skills like speech recognition, facial recognition, and natural language processing that are now commonplace. However, in Clarke's vision, HAL malfunctions because it cannot reconcile the conflict between its general mission of relaying information accurately and its mission orders requiring that it withhold certain information from the crew. In short, HAL malfunctioned because it was forced to lie.