In 1994, the late Justice Harry Blackmun put his fellow Supreme Court justices on notice that he would no longer vote to uphold the execution of a condemned person. In a strongly worded dissent in the case of Callins v. Collins, Blackmun wrote: "From this day forward, I no longer shall tinker with the machinery of death. For more than twenty years I have … struggled … to develop … rules that would lend more than the mere appearance of fairness to the death penalty. … Rather than continue to coddle the Court's delusion that … fairness has been achieved … I feel morally and intellectually obligated simply to concede that the death penalty experiment has failed."