This case is an interim review that was initiated by the State in a pending death penalty case. This Court, upon considering the State’s application for interim review and Martin’s motion to dismiss for want of jurisdiction, provisionally granted the application and ordered the parties to address the following question: Whether this Court has jurisdiction to consider the State’s argument that the State’s motion to recuse was improperly denied and, if so, whether that motion was properly denied. For the reasons set forth below, we conclude the jurisdiction question in the negative and, accordingly, dismiss the State’s appeal without addressing the recusal question. We have previously noted the following regarding appeals: There is no right to appeal granted either by the State or Federal Constitutions to civil litigants or to the defendant or the State in criminal cases. Instead, the right to appeal depends upon statute. State v. Smith , 268 Ga. 75, 75 485 SE2d 491 1997 footnotes omitted. Prior to 1973, there was no statutory provision in Georgia for appeals by the State in criminal cases. See State v. Gossett , 214 Ga. 840 108 SE2d 272 1959 citing State v. Jones , 7 Ga. 422 1849. However, in 1973, the General Assembly enacted a law providing the State limited avenues of appeal in criminal cases. See 1973 Ga. Laws 297 now codified, as amended, at OCGA § § 5-7-1 to5-7-5. Both this Court and the Court of Appeals have held that the statutes providing for appeals by the State in criminal cases should be construed strictly against the State and liberally in favor of the interests, including the interest in a speedy trial, of defendants. See Glenn v. State , 271 Ga. 604 2 523 SE2d 13 1999; Berky v. State , 266 Ga. 28, 30 463 SE2d 891 1995; State v. Holloman , 132 Ga. App. 304, 306 208 SE2d 167 1974. But see also State v. Strickman , 253 Ga. 287 319 SE2d 864 1984 “Assuredly, the right of appeal provided to the state in the statute should not be frustrated by the manner in which the defendant names his motion.” Thus, this Court has recognized that the State may not appeal any issue in a criminal case, whether by direct or discretionary appeal, unless that issue is listed in OCGA § 5-7-1, the statute that sets out the subject matters the State may raise on appeal. See State v. Redd , 248 Ga. App. 312 546 SE2d 68 2001 dismissing for lack of jurisdiction, at this Court’s direction, the State’s previously-granted discretionary appeal of an issue not listed in OCGA § 5-7-1. As was implicit in and necessary to our direction to the Court of Appeals in Redd , supra, we now explicitly hold that OCGA § 5-7-2, which authorizes both direct and discretionary appeals by the State, does not expand the list of matters appealable by the State under OCGA § 5-7-1 but, instead, merely describes which of those matters are appealable by direct appeal and which are appealable by discretionary appeal. See Holloman , supra, 132 Ga. App. at 306.1 Thus, apart from the one remaining argument presented by the State that is discussed below, it would appear clear that this Court lacks jurisdiction to hear a discretionary appeal by the State regarding the trial court’s denial of the State’s motion to recuse, because recusal is not one of the issues listed in OCGA § 5-7-1 as an issue appealable by the State. See Ritter v. State , 269 Ga. 884, 885-886 2 506 SE2d 857 1998 dismissing State’s direct appeal of a denied motion to recuse in a death penalty case.
The State raises the additional argument, never before addressed by this Court,2 that an appeal by the State concerning a matter not listed in OCGA § 5-7-1, such as the denial of the State’s motion to recuse the trial judge at issue in this case, is permissible under the interim review procedure applicable to death penalty cases. The interim review procedure is set forth by statutes and by the Unified Appeal Procedure. OCGA § § 17-10-35.1 to 17-10-35.2; OCGA § 5-6-34 c; U.A.P. II F. It permits either party to seek pre-authorization from the trial court to seek an appeal before this Court and, if successful in obtaining that pre-authorization, to have an application for appeal considered by this Court. OCGA § 17-10-35.2; U.A.P. II F 1 and 2. However, it also provides that the parties may seek appeal only of matters that constitute arguably-reversible error. OCGA § 17-10-35.1 a; U.A.P. II F 3. We find that this limitation to matters of arguably-reversible error emphasizes that the interim review procedure was not intended to expand the scope of matters over which the State may appeal in death penalty cases but, instead, was designed to correct as many reversible errors as possible before lengthy and costly death penalty trials are begun rather than allowing possible reversible errors to lie uncorrected until direct appeal.
