Peterson, Justice.Jeneral Walter appeals his convictions for felony murder and possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony. Both convictions stem from the shooting death of T’Shanerka Smith on February 14, 2010.[1] Walter argues that the trial court erred in denying his motion to sever his trial from that of his co- defendants. He also argues that the trial court committed plain error by instructing the jury that it could consider a witness’s “level of certainty” in assessing the reliability of the witness’s identification and by failing to instruct the jury that accomplice testimony must be corroborated. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion to sever, however, as Walter has not shown a clear prejudice and denial of due process resulting from the joint trial. Walter also has not shown plain error in the jury instructions, since any error in the level of certainty instruction did not likely affect the outcome, and no accomplice-corroboration instruction was required on this record. We therefore affirm.The victim’s death can be traced to a dispute between her brother (Eddie Edwards) and a group that included Walter, Darron Cato, Omari Smith, Andrew Neloms, and Derek McCarter. Edwards lived at the Fulton County apartment complex where he performed maintenance, while McCarter was squatting in another unit at the complex. The night before the shooting, McCarter, Walter, and others gathered to party in that apartment.The next day, Edwards arrived at the unit and began removing the locks from the doors, telling McCarter and Cato that they needed to leave. Walter became involved in the discussion; he had a firearm and picked up another that had been on a couch. After Edwards returned to his own apartment, a group of four men drove up in a car, and Walter began shooting through one of the backseat windows at a group of Edwards’s cousins gathered outside Edwards’s apartment. No one was injured by the shooting. After the shooting, Edwards and a cousin found McCarter and beat him up.Walter and his friends left the apartment complex but returned later that day to retaliate. Walter’s girlfriend, Angelica Mitchell, drove Walter, Cato, Neloms, and Omari Smith to the apartment complex. Mitchell dropped off her four passengers outside the complex. Mitchell testified that she saw that at least Walter and Cato had guns when they got out of the car, but she did not know what the men were planning and proceeded directly to work after she dropped them off. Once outside the car, Walter, Cato, and Omari Smith shot in the direction of Edwards’s apartment, where the victim had been standing on the porch. The victim was shot and was pronounced dead after being taken to a hospital.Several eyewitnesses to the fatal shooting testified at trial. Priscilla Cofer testified that she was standing on Edwards’s porch with the victim when she saw Mitchell drive Walter, Cato, Neloms, and Omari Smith through the neighborhood. A few minutes later, she saw Walter, Cato, and Omari Smith shooting toward the apartment. Edwards’s next-door neighbor, Sharyetta Thomas, and the victim’s boyfriend, Derrick Thompson, both testified that they saw a shooter who was a light-skinned African-American man with dreadlocks, a description that matched Walter’s appearance; Thomas also picked Walter out of a photo array “because he looked like the guy that was shooting.”One of Edwards’s neighbors, Tamika Campbell, testified that after hearing the gunshots, she saw three men running through a field, as well as a fourth man putting a gun in his pants; she picked Walter out of a photo array as the man with the gun. Two witnesses testified that Walter asked them to lie to police by saying that he was with them at the time of the shooting.1. Although Walter does not challenge the sufficiency of the evidence, we have independently reviewed the record and conclude that the trial evidence was legally sufficient to authorize a rational trier of fact to find beyond a reasonable doubt that he was guilty of the crimes for which he was convicted. See Jacksonv. Virginia, 443 U. S. 307, 319 (99 SCt 2781, 61 LE2d 560) (1979).2. Walter argues that the trial court erred in denying his motion to sever his trial from that of his co-defendants. We disagree.When two or more defendants are jointly indicted for non-capital offenses or a capital offense where the State does not seek the death penalty, “such defendants may be tried jointly or separately in the discretion of the trial court.” OCGA § 17-8-4 (a). The trial court’s discretion to grant or deny a motion for severance in such circumstances is broad. Herbert v. State, 288 Ga. 843, 845 (2) (708 SE2d 260) (2011). “In ruling on a severance motion, the court should consider: (1) the likelihood of confusion of the evidence and law; (2) the possibility that evidence against one defendant may be considered against the other defendant; and (3) the presence or absence of antagonistic defenses.” Id. A defendant who requests severance bears the burden to “make a clear showing that a joint trial would lead to prejudice and a consequent denial of due process.” Marquez v. State, 298 Ga. 448, 449 (2) (782 SE2d 648) (2016) (citation and punctuation omitted). A showing that a separate trial merely would give that defendant a better chance of acquittal is insufficient. Id.Walter has not shown that severance was required. Walter points tostatements by counsel for his co-defendants in pre-trial proceedings and closingarguments implicating Walter while contending their clients were not present for or did not participate in the shooting. Acknowledging that a co-defendant’s use of antagonistic defenses does not itself require severance, see Kennedy v. State, 253 Ga. 132, 135 (2) (317 SE2d 822) (1984), Walter argues on appeal that the trial court erred because these defenses were “not merely antagonistic” but were “mutually exclusive” of an acquittal of Walter. But that is a distinction without a difference under our case law; we have characterized as “antagonistic” a defendant’s position that a crime was committed not by him but by a co- defendant. See, e.g., Metz v. State, 284 Ga. 614, 616 (2) (a) (669 SE2d 121) (2008) (appellant argued that co-defendants stabbed victim, while they accused appellant), overruled on other grounds by State v. Kelly, 229 Ga. 29, 32 (1) (718 SE2d 232) (2011); Loren v. State, 268 Ga. 792, 795 (2) (493 SE2d 175) (1997) (co-defendants “each presented vigorous defenses attempting to show that the other caused the fatal injuries”).In order to obtain a new trial based on the trial court’s denial of severance,Walter must show a “clear prejudice and denial of due process” as a result of hisco-defendants’ antagonistic defenses that might have been avoided by separatetrials. Kennedy, 253 Ga. at 134-135 (2); see also Palmer v. State, 303 Ga. 810,815 (III) (814 SE2d 718) (2018) (“In case after case where co-defendants actedin concert, we have found that severance was not required simply because thedefendant argued about identity or the co-defendant blamed—or even put forthevidence against—the defendant.”). Walter cannot make the showing necessaryto prevail. None of the defendants testified, and Walter points to no particulartestimony elicited by defense counsel or otherwise presented by his co-defendants in support of his argument that severance was required. CompareBarge v. State, 294 Ga. 567, 571 (3) (b) (755 SE2d 166) (2014) (consideringnecessity of severance where co-defendant introduced a videotape at odds withappellant’s testimony, and finding trial court did not abuse its discretion indenying severance where the videotape was redundant of previously admittedevidence). Moreover, there was substantial evidence of Walter’s guilt that wouldhave come in regardless of severance. The jury heard evidence that multipleeyewitnesses identified Walter as one of the men who shot at the victim or gavea description of the shooter matching Walter’s appearance. It also heardevidence that Walter tried to persuade others to offer false alibi evidence topolice, which provided additional evidence of Walter’s guilt. See Kell v. State,280 Ga. 669, 671 (2) (a) (631 SE2d 679) (2006) (a defendant’s attempt toinfluence a witness can serve as circumstantial evidence of guilt). The trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying severance. See Loren, 268 Ga. at 795 (2) (no harm in co-defendant’s antagonistic defense where co-defendant’s evidence against appellant was cumulative of State’s evidence against appellant, which was “substantial”).3. Walter also argues that the trial court committed plain error by instructing the jury that it could consider a witness’s “level of certainty” in assessing the reliability of the witness’s identification and by failing to instruct the jury that accomplice testimony must be corroborated. Walter has not demonstrated plain error in either of these aspects of the court’s instructions.Because Walter did not raise these objections to the court’s charge at trial,[2]we review these challenges to the jury charge only for plain error. See Simpson v. State, 298 Ga. 314, 316 (3) (781 SE2d 762) (2016). Under plain error review, “we will reverse the trial court only if the alleged instructional error was not affirmatively waived, was obvious beyond reasonable dispute, likely affected the outcome of the proceedings, and seriously affected the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings.” Saffold v. State, 298 Ga. 643, 650 (7) (784 SE2d 365) (2016) (citation and punctuation omitted).(a) Walter argues that the trial court plainly erred when it instructed the jury that it could consider “the level of certainty shown by the witness about his or her identification” in assessing the reliability of a witness’s identification. Well before Walter’s trial, we disapproved the pattern instruction containing that language. See Brodes v. State, 279 Ga. 435, 442 (614 SE2d 766) (2005). But errors in jury instructions under Brodes may be harmless in the light of the evidence presented and the jury instruction as a whole. See Leeks v. State, 303 Ga. 104, 108-109 (3) (810 SE2d 536) (2018) (Brodes error harmless where significant evidence corroborated identifications and the trial court instructed the jury that the State had to prove the identity of the perpetrator beyond a reasonable doubt). In particular, errors in giving this instruction are harmless where the identification witness was acquainted with the defendant prior to theshooting. See Jones v. State, 282 Ga. 306, 307 (4) (647 SE2d 576) (2007);Conway v. State, 281 Ga. 685, 689 (2) (642 SE2d 673) (2007).Here, Walter complains that both Cofer and Thomas “expressed somedegree of certainty or positivity in their identification” of Walter. But Cofertestified that she had known Walter for about two years and saw him “every dayor every other day” during a one-year period in which she worked at a fast foodrestaurant that he frequented, so the instructional error was harmless as to hertestimony. See Jones, 282 Ga. at 307 (4). And Thomas did not identify Walterin court as one of the perpetrators but merely gave a physical description (statingthat her in-court description of the perpetrator’s skin color matched that ofWalter) and acknowledged having picked a particular person out of a photoarray. Thomas did not testify that she was acquainted with Walter, but she alsodid not express any particular certainty about her identification of him, otherthan explaining that she was able to give a description of one of the shooters, butnot the others, because “he was in the front,” and confirming that she “positivelyidentified] or . . . made an identification” in the photo array. Moreover, inaddition to being corroborated by Cofer’s testimony, Thomas’s identificationtestimony was corroborated by the testimony of someone who knew Walter well— his girlfriend, who testified to dropping him off with a gun at the crimescene. Evidence that Walter tried to influence witnesses to create a false alibi provided additional corroborating evidence of his guilt. Moreover, the trial court instructed the jury that it might consider the possibility of mistaken identity and that the State bore the burden to “prove beyond a reasonable doubt the identity of each defendant as the person who committed the crimes alleged” in the indictment. We thus conclude that any error in giving the level of certainty instruction did not likely affect the outcome and therefore was not plain error.(b) Finally, pointing to evidence he says indicated Mitchell was an accomplice, Walter argues that the trial court committed plain error when it failed to instruct the jury that accomplice testimony must be corroborated. We disagree.Under the old Evidence Code, applicable in this case, as well as the new Code, in “felony cases where the only witness is an accomplice, the testimony of a single witness shall not be sufficient” to establish a fact; rather, corroborating circumstances or other witness testimony is needed. See OCGA § 24-4-8 (2010); see also OCGA § 24-14-8 (2018).[3] It is error to fail to give a jury instruction on accomplice liability where there is slight evidence supporting a finding that a witness was an accomplice. See Hamm v. State, 294 Ga. 791, 796 (2) (756 SE2d 507) (2014). That is true even when there is sufficient evidence to corroborate the accomplice’s testimony, because jurors, as the exclusive judges of credibility, are entitled to reject the corroborating evidence. See id. In considering whether a witness is an accomplice, we look to the definition of party to a crime found in OCGA § 16-2-20. See Stripling v. State, 304 Ga. 131, 136 (2) (816 SE2d 663) (2018). Under that statute, “[a] person is concerned in the commission of a crime . . . if [she] . . . [i]ntentionally aids or abets in the commission of the crime; or [i]ntentionally advises [or] encourages . . . another to commit the crime.” OCGA § 16-2-20 (b) (3), (4). “[M]ere presence or approval of a criminal act is not sufficient to render one a party to the crime, and a conviction as a party to a crime requires proof that the defendant shared a common criminal intent with the principal perpetrator of the crime.” Jones v. State, 292 Ga. 656, 658 (1) (a) (740 SE2d 590) (2013). “But criminal intent . . . may be inferred from that person’s conduct before, during,S18A1494, decided Oct. 22, 2018).and after the commission of the crime.” Id.Walter argues that Mitchell’s act of driving Walter and his co-defendantsto the scene and failure to call police immediately upon seeing a gun meant thatthe trial court was required to instruct the jury that accomplice testimony mustbe corroborated, given that the court did charge the jury that “the testimony ofa single witness, if believed, is generally sufficient to establish a fact.” ButMitchell testified that she did not know a shooting was going to occur, andWalter points to no evidence that Mitchell knew what he and the other men wereplanning or otherwise shared their criminal intent. Mitchell’s knowledge that atleast two of the men had guns is not knowledge that a shooting was about tooccur. Moreover, shortly after learning of the shooting, Mitchell telephonedpolice and told them that she had dropped off the four men at the apartmentcomplex. Walter suggests that our decision in Hamm requires an accomplice-corroboration instruction here. But that case involved strong evidence that aState’s witness was an accomplice: there was evidence that she arranged arobbery, lured the victim to the scene of the shooting, fled the scene immediatelyafter the shooting, left town in its aftermath, and failed to report the crime untilinvestigators located her. See Hamm, 294 Ga. at 794 (2). Walter cites noprecedent requiring an accomplice-corroboration instruction under circumstances similar to those presented here. “[A]n error is plain if it is clear or obvious under current law. An error cannot be plain where there is no controlling authority on point . . . .” Simmons v. State, 299 Ga. 370, 374 (2) (788 SE2d 494) (2016) (citation and punctuation omitted). On this record, we cannot conclude that the trial court committed obvious error in failing to instruct the jury on corroboration of accomplice testimony. See Stripling, 304 Ga. at 136 (2) (declining to find plain error in failure to give accomplice-corroboration charge where appellant cited no precedent requiring such an instruction under similar circumstances).Judgment affirmed. All the Justices concur.
