X

Thank you for sharing!

Your article was successfully shared with the contacts you provided.

Reese, Presiding Judge. Joseph Patrick Wright appeals from the trial court’s order revoking his probation based on the new offense of possession of a drug-related object.[1] For the reasons set forth infra, we reverse because the State presented no admissible evidence beyond mere proximity that Wright possessed the contraband. In 2015, Wright pled guilty to theft by taking, possession of tools during the commission of a crime, criminal damage to property, and possession of methamphetamine. The trial court sentenced him to five years of probation. In 2016, the State petitioned to revoke his probation on the ground that he had committed the new offenses of possession of methamphetamine, felony theft by taking, and possession of drug-related objects. The State called two witnesses at the revocation hearing. The first witness, Wright’s probation officer, testified regarding Wright’s conviction and sentence. The second witness, a sergeant with the Lamar County Sheriff’s Office, testified on the alleged new offenses. The sergeant testified that he was investigating the burglary at a cell phone tower. The sergeant went to the tower and saw signs of illegal entry into a storage trailer and footprints at the scene. He took pictures of the trailer and footprints. The victims provided the sergeant with a list of the missing items and their corresponding serial numbers. The victims also had a description of the vehicle used to take the items, and the sergeant put out a be-on-the-lookout (“BOLO”) for the vehicle. The victims, however, did not testify at the hearing. The sergeant received a response to his BOLO in a neighboring county. He proceeded to the residence and found Wright about to be arrested on an unrelated charge. Wright was handcuffed in the backseat of a patrol vehicle. The sergeant observed that the truck in the driveway fit the description of the BOLO. He executed a search warrant and found that the equipment in the truck matched the serial numbers from the list given by the victims. He also found a “meth pipe” in the truck. The sergeant later interviewed Wright after his arrest and observed that Wright’s shoe matched the impression at the crime scene. Wright did not own the residence where the sergeant located the truck. The truck’s registration did not match Wright either. When the sergeant started to testify that he ran the truck’s tag and that it matched Wright, defense counsel objected on hearsay grounds, and the trial court sustained the objection.[2] Defense counsel also objected on hearsay grounds to testimony that the items were stolen, because the victims did not testify at the hearing.[3] The court overruled this objection, but ultimately only revoked Wright’s probation “based on the meth pipe[.]” The court revoked the balance of his probation, which was approximately three years and six months, based on a violation of a special condition of probation. We granted Wright’s application for discretionary review, and this appeal followed. A court may revoke probation based on new violations if the evidence produced at the revocation hearing establishes by a preponderance of the evidence the violation or violations alleged. And this Court will not interfere with a revocation absent manifest abuse of discretion on the part of the trial court. Accordingly, if admissible evidence is presented in support of the allegations regarding revocation of probation, this Court will affirm.[4] With these guiding principles in mind, we now turn to Wright’s specific claims of error.[5] 1. Wright argues that the trial court abused its discretion in finding that he possessed the methamphetamine pipe. He contends that no admissible evidence demonstrated that he possessed the pipe and that the State only showed spatial proximity. We agree. Under OCGA § 16-13-32.2 (a), it is unlawful “for any person to use, or possess with the intent to use, any object or materials of any kind for the purpose of . . . inhaling, or otherwise introducing into the human body . . . a controlled substance.” Violation of this section is a misdemeanor.[6] “Where, as here, there is no evidence that the defendant was in actual possession of contraband, the State must present evidence showing the defendant’s constructive possession.”[7] “[T]o prove constructive possession, the State was required to show some connection between [the defendant] and the [contraband] other than spatial proximity.”[8] Thus, while “the State’s burden of proof is lower in a probation revocation case, a probationer’s mere presence in the area where [contraband is] found will not justify a revocation based on possession of [contraband], even under the more relaxed preponderance of the evidence standard.”[9] In this case, there was no admissible evidence showing that Wright possessed the methamphetamine pipe. Wright was in the back of a patrol car when the sergeant arrived at the residence, and no non-hearsay[10] evidence showed that Wright owned the truck.[11] The trial court thus abused its discretion in revoking Wright’s probation based on possession of the pipe.[12] Accordingly, we reverse. 2. Wright argues that the trial court exceeded the statutory maximum in revoking the balance of his probation. Given our holding in Division 1, we need not address this argument. Judgment reversed. Markle and Colvin, JJ., concur.

 
Reprints & Licensing
Mentioned in a Law.com story?

License our industry-leading legal content to extend your thought leadership and build your brand.

More From ALM

With this subscription you will receive unlimited access to high quality, online, on-demand premium content from well-respected faculty in the legal industry. This is perfect for attorneys licensed in multiple jurisdictions or for attorneys that have fulfilled their CLE requirement but need to access resourceful information for their practice areas.
View Now
Our Team Account subscription service is for legal teams of four or more attorneys. Each attorney is granted unlimited access to high quality, on-demand premium content from well-respected faculty in the legal industry along with administrative access to easily manage CLE for the entire team.
View Now
Gain access to some of the most knowledgeable and experienced attorneys with our 2 bundle options! Our Compliance bundles are curated by CLE Counselors and include current legal topics and challenges within the industry. Our second option allows you to build your bundle and strategically select the content that pertains to your needs. Both options are priced the same.
View Now
May 01, 2025
Atlanta, GA

The Daily Report is honoring those attorneys and judges who have made a remarkable difference in the legal profession.


Learn More
December 02, 2024 - December 03, 2024
Scottsdale, AZ

Join the industry's top owners, investors, developers, brokers and financiers for the real estate healthcare event of the year!


Learn More
December 11, 2024
Las Vegas, NV

This event shines a spotlight on how individuals and firms are changing the investment advisory industry where it matters most.


Learn More

We are seeking two attorneys with a minimum of two to three years of experience to join our prominent and thriving education law practice in...


Apply Now ›

Description: Fox Rothschild has an opening in the New York office for a Real Estate Litigation Associate with three to six years of commerci...


Apply Now ›

Downtown NY property and casualty defense law firm seeks a Litigation Associate with 3+ years' experience to become a part of our team! You ...


Apply Now ›