Bethel, Justice. Antonio Lafonta Williams was convicted of felony murder and possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony in connection with the shooting death of Martrell Gay. On appeal, Williams argues that: (1) the trial court plainly erred by admitting cell-site location information (“CSLI”) secured through an insufficiently particularized “general” warrant; and (2) the trial court plainly erred by charging the jury that the testimony of a single witness was sufficient under OCGA § 24-14-8 without charging the jury on the need for corroboration of an accomplice’s testimony.[1] For the reasons that follow, we affirm. 1. The evidence presented at trial showed the following.[2] On Saturday, February 21, 2015, Williams drove from his residence in Kings Mountain, North Carolina, to Atlanta with a friend[3] to celebrate the birthday of Williams’s cousin, Tobias Sherrer. That night, Sherrer’s friend, Ken Davis, helped Williams set up a meeting with Gay to buy a pound of marijuana for $900. After Williams gave Gay $900 for the marijuana, Gay told Williams that he did not have the marijuana on him and that he would have to go get it. Even though Williams attempted to follow Gay’s car, Gay eventually sped away and never returned Williams’s $900. The next morning, Williams and his friend returned to North Carolina. Both Sherrer and his mother, Jacqueline Sherrer, testified that on March 7, 2015, Williams unexpectedly arrived at Sherrer’s house with Williams’s cousin, Jeffrey Currant. Sherrer met Williams and Currant outside, got in Williams’s car, and saw a “big gun” in the backseat. The gun was a black long gun that appeared to be a rifle or shotgun. Sherrer asked Williams to put the gun away before they drove around, and Williams wrapped it in a shirt and put it in the trunk. Williams was still upset about the robbery and thought Sherrer and Davis had set him up. Sherrer told Williams that he did not, and Williams told Sherrer that he wanted to “get at” Gay. Williams then asked where Davis was, and they went to Davis’s house. While at Davis’s house, Williams mentioned that he needed to find Gay and that he needed his money. The four men left Davis’s home and dropped Sherrer off at his sister’s house. Later that day, Gay was shot in the head at the West End Food Mart. Video surveillance recordings that were played for the jury show that three men entered the Food Mart shortly after Gay entered. Gay ran to a corner on the left side of the store, appearing to try and hide but was shot by a man with multi-colored dreadlocks. Gay sustained one gunshot wound to the head. The video surveillance recording showed that Gay ran to the back of the store after being shot and had a conversation with the shooter while the shooter continued to periodically point the gun at Gay. Though the exact type of gun used in the shooting is unknown, the shooter can be seen on the video surveillance recording firing a handgun. The audio from the recording showed that someone said, “give me my sh*t bro” and “I ain’t playing.” The shooter left shortly before Gay walked out and collapsed on the sidewalk outside the store. Gay died later that day as a result of his injury. Williams had red, white, and blue colored dreadlocks at the time of the shooting and was eventually arrested for the crimes. At trial, Sherrer testified that he previously identified Williams as the shooter from a clip of the video surveillance recording of the shooting played on the news[4] and then again when he was shown the same video while he was later questioned at the precinct.[5] Williams’s phone records, which were introduced at trial, placed him in the area of the shooting at the same time as the crimes. Additionally, Williams’s time cards at work showed that he left work on Saturday, March 7, 2015, at 12:27 a.m., and he did not return to work that weekend. Sherrer testified that at some point after the shooting, he attempted to call Williams several times to see if Williams could give him a ride. When Williams picked up the phone, he told Sherrer that he could not give him a ride and that he was getting ready to leave the Atlanta area to go home. Williams also mentioned that he needed to get rid of his phone before hanging up. The video surveillance shows that Davis was at the Food Mart shortly before the shooting. Davis is seen leaving the Food Mart after Gay enters and just before Williams does. Davis himself admitted that he is shown in the video. Davis testified at trial that the following occurred. After Williams and Currant dropped Sherrer off before the shooting, they also dropped Davis off so he could meet up with his brother. Later that day, while Davis was walking to the West End area, Williams and Currant drove by Davis and stopped to offer him a ride. Davis agreed, and the three then went to see a talent show at the West End mall. But Davis left the talent show because he got a call from his brother. While he was out, he went into the Food Mart to get cigarettes but left because the line was too long. On his way out, he ran into a friend by the door. As he was speaking to the friend at the door, he heard gunshots and ran to Williams’s car. By the time he got to the car, Williams was already there. Davis, Williams, and Currant then went to Davis’s house to play video games before Williams returned to North Carolina. To rebut the defense’s theory that there was another potential shooter linked to Gay’s drug dealings, the State elicited the following testimony. Brittany Butler, Gay’s girlfriend at the time of the shooting, testified that Gay was a “big time drug dealer.” Both Butler and Timothy Jordan, one of Gay’s friends, testified that Gay was having a “beef’ with Steven Horn around the time of the shooting. The two apparently would steal from each other, and Horn previously sent threatening messages to Butler over Instagram. But both Butler and Jordan testified that Gay and Horn had reconciled before the shooting. Additionally, Detective Young testified that he immediately determined that Horn could not have been the shooter because at the time of the shooting, he had a “box” hair style and tattoos on his face, whereas the shooter on the video did not. 2. Williams contends that the trial court plainly erred by admitting CSLI related to Williams’s cell phone because the search warrant authorizing the seizure of Williams’s phone records[6] lacked sufficient particularity as to the location to be searched. The warrant was obtained by law enforcement officials for Verizon Wireless’s data related to Williams’s cell phone number from February 27, 2015 through March 9, 2015. Law enforcement officials did not conduct a physical search of any property under the authority of the warrant. Instead, they accessed Verizon’s online portal designed to facilitate execution of warrants of this sort and provided Verizon with the parameters of the search authorized by the warrant via the portal. Verizon, in turn, provided the responsive data pursuant to the request in an email, which included the CSLI for Williams’s cell phone. Williams argues that because the warrant only specified “Verizon Wir[e]less, 07921, Bedminster, NJ” as the location to be searched, it authorized a search of any Verizon building within that zip code in Bedminster, New Jersey, and therefore allowed law enforcement “significant discretion.” Williams did not object to the admission of the evidence obtained through the warrant at trial. Here, he has failed to establish that the admission of the evidence constituted plain error because the trial court did not clearly or obviously err by admitting the CSLI evidence. The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects “[t]he right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures,” and it requires that a search warrant “particularly describ[e] the places to be searched.” U. S. Const. amend. IV. See Bryant v. State, 301 Ga. 617, 619 (2) (800 SE2d 537) (2017) (“A warrant that fails to conform to the particularity requirement of the Fourth Amendment is unconstitutional.” (citing Groh v. Ramirez, 540 U. S. 551, 557 (II) (124 SCt 1284, 157 LE2d 1068) (2004))). A warrant was required for the search of CSLI related to Williams’s cell phone. See Carpenter v. United States, 138 SCt 2206, 2217 & n.3 (III) (201 LE2d 507) (2018). Williams concedes that because his trial counsel did not move to suppress the CSLI procured by the search warrant based on particularity, this claim must be reviewed on appeal under the plain-error standard.[7] See OCGA § 24-1-103 (d). See also Goins v. State, 310 Ga. 199, 204 (4) (850 SE2d 68) (2020) (reviewing the admissibility of evidence obtained during a search of a cell phone for plain error where trial counsel failed to obtain a ruling on a motion to suppress or object when the evidence was admitted during the trial). Plain-error review consists of four prongs: First, there must be an error or defect – some sort of deviation from a legal rule – that has not been intentionally relinquished or abandoned, i.e., affirmatively waived, by the appellant. Second, the legal error must be clear or obvious, rather than subject to reasonable dispute. Third, the error must have affected the appellant’s substantial rights, which in the ordinary case means he must demonstrate that it affected the outcome of the trial court proceedings. Fourth and finally, if the above three prongs are satisfied, the appellate court has the discretion to remedy the error – discretion which ought to be exercised only if the error seriously affects the fairness, integrity or public reputation of judicial proceedings. Stanbury v. State, 299 Ga. 125, 129 (2) (786 SE2d 672) (2016). “Satisfying all four prongs of this standard is difficult, as it should be.” (Citation omitted.) Hood v. State, 303 Ga. 420, 426 (2) (a) (811 SE2d 392) (2018). We need not analyze all four prongs because Williams has failed to establish that the trial court clearly or obviously erred by admitting the CSLI evidence. See Payne v. State, 314 Ga. 322, 325 (1) (877 SE2d 202) (2022) (“[We do] not have to analyze all elements of the plain-error test where an appellant fails to establish one of them.”). “An error is plain if it is clear or obvious under current law. An error cannot be plain where there is no controlling authority on point and where the most closely analogous precedent leads to conflicting results.” Wilson v. State, 291 Ga. 458, 460 (729 SE2d 364) (2012). To that end, Williams has not offered any controlling authority, and we have found none, requiring that a warrant particularly describe the physical location of data in a search warrant seeking electronic records housed in a cell service provider’s database that is accessed through an online portal.[8] This claim of plain error therefore fails.[9] 3. Williams also contends that the trial court plainly erred when it instructed the jury under OCGA § 24-14-8 that a single witness’s testimony is sufficient to establish a fact without also instructing that an accomplice’s testimony must be corroborated. He argues that this instruction was required because Davis was Williams’s accomplice and that reversal is warranted. But there was no plain error because Williams failed to show that any error in failing to give the instruction affected his substantial rights. “The testimony of a single witness is generally sufficient to establish a fact” under Georgia law. OCGA § 24-14-8. But, in “felony cases where the only witness is an accomplice, the testimony of a single witness shall not be sufficient. Nevertheless, corroborating circumstances may dispense with the necessity for the testimony of a second witness[.]” Id. Therefore, “ a felony conviction cannot be sustained solely by the uncorroborated testimony of an accomplice.” (Citation omitted.) McKibbins v. State, 293 Ga. 843, 846 (1) (750 SE2d 314) (2013). Williams concedes that “because he did not request this instruction and failed to object to its omission, his claim of error is reviewed only for plain error.” Pindling v. State, 311 Ga. 232, 235 (2) (857 SE2d 474) (2021). See also OCGA § 17-8-58 (b) (“Failure to object . . . shall preclude appellate review of such portion of the jury charge, unless such portion of the jury charge constitutes plain error which affects substantial rights of the parties.”). Even assuming that the evidence of Davis’s complicity was sufficient to require the giving of an accomplice-corroboration instruction, see Doyle v. State, 307 Ga. 609, 612 (2) (a) (837 SE2d 833) (2020), Williams has failed to establish that the trial court’s failure to give the instruction affected his substantial rights. See Payne, 314 Ga. at 325 (1). See also State v. Johnson, 305 Ga. 237, 240 (824 SE2d 317) (2019) (“The third prong of the plain error test requires that the error must have affected the appellant’s substantial rights, which in the ordinary case means he must demonstrate that it likely affected the outcome of the trial court proceedings.”). In his testimony, Davis described the prior incident where Gay stole $900 from Williams and placed Williams at the West End Mall area at the time of Gay’s murder. But all of the material facts from his testimony were independently corroborated by other witnesses and evidence, such that Davis’s testimony was cumulative of other evidence properly admitted at trial. For example, Williams was placed in the West End area by the video surveillance of the shooting, Sherrer and his mother’s testimony, and the CSLI of Williams’s cell phone. Additionally, Sherrer not only corroborated the details about Gay stealing Williams’s money in February, but he actually gave more information than Davis did. Due to the extensive corroboration of the relevant portions of Davis’s testimony and the other significant independent evidence of Williams’s guilt, it is not likely that giving an accomplice- corroboration charge would have affected the verdict. See Hawkins v. State, 304 Ga. 299, 303 (3) (818 SE2d 513) (2018) (noting that even though the failure to charge on accomplice corroboration was a clear or obvious error, it was not plain error because the accomplice’s testimony was corroborated by “significant and consistent evidence” through the appellant’s own admission, eyewitness accounts, and security camera footage); Lyman v. State, 301 Ga. 312, 318-319 (2) (800 SE2d 333) (2017) (concluding that the failure to instruct on accomplice corroboration was harmless because multiple non- accomplice sources linked the defendant to the crime). Accordingly, Williams has failed to demonstrate plain error in regard to the failure to give this jury instruction. Judgment affirmed. All the Justices concur, except LaGrua, J., disqualified.
