On 1 May, an additional 10 countries will join the European Union (EU). This will increase the geographic size of the EU by about 40% and extend its borders to Russia.

While the road to EU enlargement has been long and tortuous, it has resulted in the creation of one of the largest single free markets in the world, serving a total population of some 450 million. Bulgaria and Romania are scheduled to accede in 2007, with Croatia and Turkey both seeking to join the queue.

For businesses, the key attraction of enlargement is the extension of the single market concept – a common set of rules and procedures allied to the principles of free movement of goods, capital and people – backed by European Commission (EC) competition, state aid and trade rules. To achieve this aim, EC law will become directly applicable in all 10 of the new countries as of 1 May.