The amping up of Chinese regulations on foreign businesses has been topped with a newly revised law designed to combat espionage, prompting the U.S. government, business executives and some law firm leaders to express concern.

The Chinese government amended its law to combat espionage. Originally released for public comment last December, the revisions, which expand the definition of espionage from state secrets and intelligence to “any other documents, data, materials or items related to national security,” were passed by China’s top legislative body in April and took effect on July 1.