Food manufacturers, take note: You might want to be a little vague on those labels.

At least according to a federal judge in Chicago, who on Thursday dismissed dozens of class actions brought over “100% Grated Parmesan Cheese” labels on containers made by Kraft and sold through private labels at Target and Wal-Mart. Plaintiffs alleged consumers were duped into buying products that said 100 percent parmesan cheese but actually contained fillers made from wood pulp. But the labels, wrote U.S. District Judge Gary Feinerman in the Northern District of Illinois, were too “ambiguous” to deceive consumers.

“Although '100% Grated Parmesan Cheese' might be interpreted as saying that the product is 100% cheese and nothing else, it also might be an assertion that 100% of the cheese is parmesan cheese, or that the parmesan cheese is 100% grated,” he wrote. “Reasonable consumers would thus need more information before concluding that the labels promised only cheese and nothing more, and they would know exactly where to look to investigate — the ingredient list. Doing so would inform them that the product contained non-cheese ingredients.”