A federal appeals court panel on Thursday injected some doubt over whether Hillary Clinton will be forced to sit for a rare deposition confronting her practice of using a private email server during her time as U.S. secretary of state.

The new order from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit asked the lawyers in the Freedom of Information Act case to address whether there is still a pending controversy to resolve. A panel of judges—Thomas Griffith, Cornelia Pillard and Robert Wilkins—on Thursday set oral argument for June 3.

The hearing in the D.C. Circuit comes in the case Judicial Watch v. Clinton, a public-records case involving a request for State Department documents and communication about the 2012 terror attack at the U.S. mission in Benghazi, Libya. U.S. Ambassador J. Christopher Stevens was killed in the attack.

The Benghazi attack and Clinton's use of a private email server as secretary of state have long been flash points for Republicans on Capitol Hill, and Clinton's email practices were the centerpiece of an FBI investigation—in the months leading up to the 2016 presidential election—about her handling of classified information.

Clinton's lawyers are challenging a March 2 order from U.S. District Judge Royce Lamberth, who said Clinton's written responses in the public-records litigation to questions about her email practices "were either incomplete, unhelpful, or cursory at best. Simply put, her responses left many more questions than answers."

Williams & Connolly partner David Kendall, lead counsel for Clinton, has argued she has broadly addressed her private email before Congress, the FBI and news reporters, and therefore she has nothing more to say.

"The Benghazi Select Committee, the State Department Inspector General, and the FBI all conducted inquiries and made findings on her use of private email," Kendall wrote in Clinton's D.C. Circuit filing in March. Clinton has testified under oath that she used private email for convenience, her lawyers said in court filings.

Depositions of current or former cabinet officials are rare, and plaintiffs face a high burden to prove that "extraordinary circumstances" compel such testimony. The Justice Department has long resisted efforts to depose high-ranking officials. DOJ, however, is not backing Clinton in her appeal in the D.C. Circuit. The government has said the deposition would not touch on official policy but compliance with FOIA.

Tom Fitton, the president of Judicial Watch, has called Clinton's appeal in the D.C. Circuit a "desperate act" that delays "truth and accountability for her email conduct and how it impacted the people's 'right to know' under FOIA."

The D.C. Circuit wants Clinton and Judicial Watch to address a 2018 decision involving Clinton's emails. Judicial Watch, the plaintiff in the earlier case, sought to force Obama and Trump secretaries of state to initiate an enforcement action, through the U.S. Justice Department, to recover any missing Clinton emails. The suit was filed under the Federal Records Act.

The 2018 panel—Judges David Tatel, Harry Edwards and Douglas Ginsburg—determined that no "imaginable" enforcement action would recover any missing emails. "The district court found that the government has already taken every reasonable action to retrieve any remaining emails," the judge said in their order.

"The parties should be prepared to discuss whether this case is moot, see Judicial Watch v. Pompeo, and, in particular, how the material to be covered in the petitioners' depositions is relevant to the adequacy of the Freedom of Information Act searches responsive to the request at issue in this case," Griffith, Pillard and Wilkins said in Thursday's order.

Royce Lamberth U.S. District Judge Royce Lamberth in Washington. Credit: Diego M. Radzinschi / The NLJ

Clinton's lawyers pointed to the 2018 decision to argue the current dispute is moot and Clinton should not be forced to sit for a deposition. They also contend Lamberth's order allowing a deposition "violates the well-established principle that high-ranking government officials should not be subjected to depositions absent extraordinary circumstances."

Judicial Watch's legal team has argued in the D.C. Circuit that the new Clinton dispute is still alive, and that the 2018 decision in the case Judicial Watch v. Pompeo does not resolve the case.

"Pompeo did not address the reasonableness of State's search for records responsive to respondent's FOIA request," Judicial Watch's Ramona Cotca recently told the D.C. Circuit. "Nor did Pompeo find there were no more emails for State to locate or that State was not obligated to look for them."