Ivanka Stanojkova, Et v. Eric H. Holder

Before POSNER, ROVNER, and WOOD, Circuit Judges.

One of the nations that emerged from the breakup of Yugoslavia was Macedonia. Ethnically it is mostly Slavic, but about a quarter of the population is Albanian. Albanian extremists began an insurrection in January 2001; it petered out after Macedonia agreed, in the “Ohrid Framework Agreement,” signed in August, to grant greater rights to the Albanian minority. See, e.g., Julie Kim, “Macedonia: Country Back-ground and Recent Conflict” (Congressional Research Service, CRS Report for Congress, March 28, 2002), http://congressionalresearch.com/RL30900/document. php?study=M acedonia+Country+Background+and+ Recent+Conflict (visited June 29, 2011). Some violence persisted into the fall, and both sides accused the other of human rights violations. A State Department country report for 2002, entitled “Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of,” March 31, 2003, http://www.state.gov/g/drl/ rls/hrrpt/2002/18379.htm (visited June 29, 2011), recounts extensive human rights violations by government forces, including a paramilitary police unit known as the “Lions.”