It is often said that truth is an absolute defense to liability in a defamation case. A well-known variant of this is when the speaker believes in good faith that the statement is true even if it later turns out to be false. As the Supreme Court famously held in New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254, 280 (1964), when the plaintiff is a public figure and the speaker made the false statement without "malice"—i.e., without knowledge of its falsity—there can be no liability.