Tax penalties can be costly and are not tax deductible. There are more than 150 penalties, some civil and some criminal. According to Table 26 in the IRS Data Book for fiscal year 2021 (//www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p55b.pdf), the IRS assessed $37.3 billion in civil penalties, $17.1 billion of which was assessed with respect to individual and trust and estate income tax returns. Some penalties are based on a percentage of a set amount, such as an underpayment of income tax; others are fixed dollar amounts that may be adjusted annually for inflation. The good news is that penalties can be avoided, minimized, or abated, if proper action is taken. The following are some selected penalties and what can be done about them.