The levying of economic sanctions is a relatively new, increasingly important means of imposing costs of disagreement on countries whose behavior we disapprove of, without engaging in kinetic conflict. The Biden administration and the European Union (EU) have made extensive use of sanctions to punish Russia for its invasion of Ukraine and likely war crimes against civilians. Both designate persons or entities for sanctions intended to interfere with the target's property, business, travel, and credit opportunities without any judicial preclearance. Designees can seek reconsideration or delisting, and many are taken off the lists, but the process on the U.S. side is more opaque.