Courts show great deference to a testator's choice of fiduciary. While a court may remove a fiduciary for cause, the Court of Appeals has made clear that this power should be exercised "sparingly" and that a fiduciary is usually entitled to a hearing first. See Matter of Duke, 87 N.Y.2d 465, 473 (1996). Nonetheless, the court has also recognized that, under SCPA Section 719, "the Surrogate is clearly granted the exceptional authority to summarily remove executors … [where misconduct] is established by undisputed facts or concessions, or where the fiduciary's in-court conduct causes such facts to be within the court's knowledge …" Where a fiduciary's behavior clearly demonstrates entrenched hostility toward beneficiaries or a co-fiduciary, summary removal has been held appropriate.