The federal False Claims Act (FCA) imposes civil liability on anyone who "knowingly presents" a "fraudulent claim for payment" to the federal government. 31 U.S.C. §3729(a)(1)(A). The FCA's qui tam provisions allow private citizens, referred to as "relators," to bring fraud claims on the government's behalf against those who have violated the FCA's prohibitions. See 31 U.S.C. §3730(b)(1). If the government declines to intervene, the relator may prosecute the action and, if successful, may recover a percentage of the damages. See 31 U.S.C. §§3730(b)(4), (d)(2).