From left to right: Vincent Warren (Haywood Burns Chair in Civil Rights and Executive Dir Center for Constitutional Rights); Kadiatou Diallo (mother of Amadou Diallo); U.S. District Judge Shira Scheindlin (Retired); Jonathan Moore (a lead counsel in Floyd v. City of NY); Djibril Toure (plaintiff in Daniels v. City of NY [Floyd case predecessor] and case witness); Joo-Hyun Kang (founding Exec Dir. Communities United for Police Reform); and CUNY Law Dean Sudha Setty. Photo by: Milik Robinson/CUNY Law
Things may never be perfect with the New York City Police Department, but how it interacts with citizens has come a long way since 2013, when a federal judge in Manhattan found the department's stop-and-frisk policy was being used in a racially discriminatory manner.

In the years since U.S. District Judge Shira Scheindlin issued her landmark ruling, stops by the NYPD—which were disproportionately performed in the Big Apple's community's of color—have fallen dramatically from a high point of more than 685,000 in 2011 to about 15,100 in 2022, according to data compiled by the New York City Liberties Union.