Artificial Intelligence (AI) may cause harm including consumer privacy violations, physical harm via automated cars or drones and legal difficulties such as infringement.  Since an AI is not a legal entity, it may avoid being held accountable for its bad acts because it cannot be a party to a court proceeding.  However, an AI may be the object of a court proceeding—more particularly, an aggrieved party may institute in rem proceedings, which would place the AI under the jurisdiction of a court and that court may transfer the AI to the plaintiff and thereby ameliorating the difficulties associated with an AI's bad acts.

Contrasting in personam jurisdiction and in rem jurisdiction, the former allows a court to obtain power over the defendant personally and unlimited recovery, while the latter allows a court to obtain power over specific property and limited recovery.  In short, in remjurisdiction allows a lawsuit against the property itself, and thereby allows a court secure jurisdiction over property without a legal entity as a party to the jurisdiction.