There is no consensus in New York as to a precise definition of joint custody, and its meaning may lie in the eyes of the beholder. Theoretically, it involves two elements: (1) physical possession of the child, and (2) shared decision-making. Joint custody may take many forms.

For example, it may involve periodic shifts of the child from one home to another, or it may entail an arrangement where the child stays at one home and the parents play musical chairs. Or it may entail the primary custodian and child at one home and the joint custodian with rights of access at another home. The location of schools, friends, relatives, and caretakers then becomes important.