If climate change concerns, as well as a desire to reduce dependence on imported oil and domestic coal, have led policymakers, investors and environmentalists in many countries to rethink their opposition to nuclear power, what lessons can be learned from the nuclear catastrophe at Japan’s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear complex? In particular, if nuclear power is, despite the Fukushima accident, a likely choice for an increasing number of both developed and developing countries, what role can international law play in reducing the likelihood—and consequences—of future nuclear accidents that place the global environment and tens of millions of people in neighboring countries at risk of permanent harm?

This column briefly summarizes existing international law with respect to transboundary impacts of the Fukushima accident and suggests an alternative approach for future international agreements if nuclear energy is to be a safe and reliable source of energy in the 21st century.

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