In this month’s column, we discuss Absolute Activist Value Master Fund Ltd. v. Ficeto,1 in which the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit earlier this month addressed what constitutes a “domestic transaction” in securities not listed on a U.S. exchange permitting the extraterritorial application of Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act and Rule 10(b)–5 promulgated thereunder. This decision, written by Judge Robert A. Katzmann and joined by Judges Jon O. Newman and Ralph K. Winter, held that under the Supreme Court’s 2010 decision in Morrison v. National Australia Bank,2 to establish a domestic transaction in securities not listed on a U.S. exchange, a plaintiff must allege facts plausibly showing either that irrevocable liability was incurred or that title was transferred within the United States.

Background

This case involved a classic “pump-and-dump” scheme. The plaintiffs, a group of Cayman Islands hedge funds (hereinafter the funds) with hundreds of investors around the world, including many investors in the United States, engaged Absolute Capital Management Holdings Limited (ACM) to act as the funds’ investment manager. Defendants were officers and employees of ACM, including its chief investment officer (CIO), chairman/chief executive officer and head of investor relations and marketing. In addition, the complaint named as a defendant Todd Ficeto—a resident of California and registered securities agent in California, Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Texas and Washington—who was the president, director, and along with ACM’s CIO, a co-owner of defendant Hunter World Markets Inc., an SEC-registered broker-dealer incorporated and based in California, with offices in Beverly Hills.

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