What appellate remedies are available for a New York lawyer aggrieved by a disciplinary decision of a special referee or hearing panel? The short answer is, "win below," because opportunities for judicial review are limited, and the likelihood of reversal or modification is not high. This is especially true when a disciplinary determination is based, in substantial part, on the fact-finder’s assessment of credibility. The following summarizes the few avenues of appellate review for attorneys seeking to overturn or modify adverse disciplinary determinations.

Administrative Review

In each of the four departments, formal disciplinary proceedings, entailing full evidentiary hearings, are conducted by court-appointed special referees.1 The referees then issue a written report, generally within 30 days of post-hearing submissions, setting forth findings of fact, conclusions of law and, at least in the First Department, a recommendation as to sanction.2

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