Created by Congress in 1814, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of New York has jurisdiction over 32 counties in northern and central New York. It hears cases in Albany, Binghamton, Plattsburgh, Syracuse and Utica.

Even if it was designed to resolve a spat between two strong-willed judges, breaking off the Northern District of New York from the state’s first federal district in Manhattan in 1814 seems in retrospect to have smartly anticipated how differently upstate New York would diverge from the mega-metropolis.