As Benjamin Franklin famously stated, there is nothing certain in this life but death, taxes and that New York is a pro rata allocation state.1 Well, this is true no more. In In re Viking Pump, the New York Court of Appeals applied an all sums allocation to a long-term asbestos bodily injury case, catching New York insurance practitioners by surprise and uprooting the long-held understanding that New York is a pro rata jurisdiction.2

All Sums v. Pro Rata

Nationwide, courts have long wrestled with the appropriate approach to allocating loss in insurance coverage cases concerning continuous bodily injury or property damage that takes place over many years. In trying to resolve this issue, judges face a number of significant obstacles. First, the policy language in the general liability policies that are usually implicated does not squarely address allocation, in part, because most of these occurrence-based policies were issued many years before long-term environmental damage became a widely understood phenomenon. Second, it is rarely possible to ascertain, even with the assistance of experts, what portion of the exposure causing bodily injury or of the property damage—for example, groundwater contamination—took place in a given year within the period of years at issue.

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