The legal odyssey of former Goldman Sachs programmer Sergey Aleynikov has stretched on for nearly eight years—through federal and state jury trials where he was convicted of stealing the bank’s source code, the overturning of both convictions, and, on Tuesday, the reinstatement of the New York state conviction.

Lawyers and law professors who have followed the saga say the case exemplifies—as well as any in recent years—a vexing problem: The inability of legislatures to pass laws that come close to keeping pace with changing technology.