X

Thank you for sharing!

Your article was successfully shared with the contacts you provided.

OPINION AND ORDER   Plaintiff Fredericka Butler brings this action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §§1981, 1983 against defendants City School District of New Rochelle (the “District”), Interim Superintendent of Schools Magda Parvey, Assistant Superintendent for Human Resources Joseph Williams, and Principal John Barnes, alleging defendants unlawfully retaliated against plaintiff and subjected plaintiff to unlawful professional stigmatization. Before the Court is defendants’ motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6). (Doc. #17).1 For the following reasons, defendants’ motion is GRANTED. The Court has subject matter jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §1331. BACKGROUND For the purpose of ruling on the motion to dismiss, the Court accepts as true all well pleaded factual allegations in the complaint and draws all reasonable inferences in plaintiff’s favor, as summarized below. I. Factual Background In early September 2018, plaintiff was hired as Interim Assistant Principal at Albert Leonard Middle School (the “School”), in New Rochelle. Plaintiff alleges that her “time serving as an Interim Assistant Principal was marked by [her supervisor, Principal Barnes's] failing to support her in any regard, and making decisions that had negative consequences that Plaintiff was unfairly blamed for.” (Doc. #1 (“Compl.”) 68). Specifically, plaintiff alleges Barnes: (i) failed to provide feedback regarding plaintiff’s “job description” and “his expectations of her in her role” (id. 15), (ii) was not helpful when plaintiff brought to his attention sensitive complaints from students, and (iii) did not properly discipline students. Plaintiff claims that respecting discipline, Barnes, who is white, adhered to the District’s “practice and policy to have Plaintiff, a black Assistant Principal, be the public…face of out of school suspensions” because plaintiff alleges the District had been “cited” for suspending too many black students. (Id. 34). A. Human Resources Complaint In January 2019, plaintiff alleges that she contacted Joseph Williams, Assistant Superintendent for Human Resources, “to discuss references for when she might begin to look for another position after her time serving as the Interim Assistant Principal might come to an end.” (Compl. 42). She met with Williams on January 29, 2019. According to plaintiff, during the January 29 meeting, Williams asked plaintiff about “Barnes’[s] comportment and functioning in his position as Principal.” (Compl. 44). Plaintiff alleges she responded to the question by describing the issues she had with Barnes, his “irascible and erratic behavior, and non-support in dealing with parents during suspensions.” (Id. 45). Plaintiff further alleges she detailed to Williams an incident which allegedly occurred in winter 2018. She claims that “Barnes, who is white, publicly commented during a public meeting about security making more of a presence on some buses, but not on others.” (Compl. 47). According to plaintiff, “[d]uring the exchange, Barnes turned to Plaintiff, a black woman, and asked Plaintiff to confirm, in front of the audience, that the facts relating to the security being more of a presence on some buses, but not others, was ‘racist.’” (Id.). Plaintiff claims Barnes asked her about the busing policy at the meeting because she is a Black woman. (See id. 48). She claims she “gently pushed back and explained that the situation was not racist.” (Id. 49). Plaintiff alleges that following the January 29 meeting, Williams shared her complaints with Barnes. According to plaintiff, as a result, she began to have further negative interactions with Barnes, in which he would claim plaintiff “wanted [his] job” and that she “was actively seeking to undermine him.” (Compl. 52) (alteration in original). B. Testing Responsibilities Plaintiff also alleges that in January 2019, she commenced efforts to coordinate the English Language Arts (“ELA”) and math test procedures for the spring examinations at the School. (See Compl. 38). Plaintiff alleges she initially asked Barnes for support with the coordinating efforts, but he refused and responded with annoyance, although he eventually hired an assistant to help. According to plaintiff, before the exam, “unionized staff that had previously agreed to work on coordinating the ELA tests suddenly declined to assist, as a part of an ongoing labor-management dispute that they were having with Barnes.” (Id. 55). Plaintiff alleges that as a result of the dispute with staff, many students would be delayed taking the test on the day of the exams. Plaintiff alleges that Barnes “insisted that many students take the tests anyway despite projected late starts.” (Compl. 56). However, plaintiff claims that doing so was “illegal…if [the students'] reasonable accommodations [required] extra time.” (Id. 57). Plaintiff alleges that as a result of the delayed start times, “some students were unable to finish their tests in the allotted time frames.” (Id. 58). Further, plaintiff attributes problems with the late starts to “the aforementioned labor-management dispute that unionized staff had with…Barnes.” (Id.). C. Administrative Leave and Termination Plaintiff alleges that on April 9, 2019, the District, through Williams, “‘administratively reassigned[]‘ Plaintiff to her home, pending an alleged ‘investigation’ into allegations that she was somehow responsible for the previously-mentioned [ELA] testing fiasco.” (Compl. 71). Plaintiff asserts that any allegations respecting the “testing fiasco” were pretext for terminating her employment. (Id. 74). According to plaintiff, in early May 2019, she met with representatives of the District, including Williams, “who explained that Plaintiff would likely be terminated, not only because of the testing fiasco, but also because of her alleged inability to effectively communicate with parents.” (Compl. 75). Plaintiff was terminated on May 10, 2019, after which she alleges the District posted a job opening for a new Interim Assistant Principal. Plaintiff claims her professional reputation has suffered as a result of her termination because “there is now a hard-to-explain gap in her resume” and because the District has incorrectly accused her of mishandling ELA testing. (Compl. 82). Plaintiff further alleges she has since “not been able to find comparable work.” (Id. 84). DISCUSSION I. Legal Standard In deciding defendants’ Rule 12(b)(6) motion, the Court evaluates the sufficiency of the operative complaint under the “two-pronged approach” articulated by the U.S. Supreme Court in Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 679 (2009).2 First, plaintiff’s legal conclusions and “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements,” are not entitled to the assumption of truth and thus are not sufficient to withstand a motion to dismiss. Id. at 678; Hayden v. Paterson, 594 F.3d 150, 161 (2d Cir. 2010). Second, “[w]hen there are well-pleaded factual allegations, a court should assume their veracity and then determine whether they plausibly give rise to an entitlement to relief.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 679. To survive a Rule 12(b)(6) motion, the complaint’s allegations must meet a standard of “plausibility.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678; Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 564 (2007). A claim is facially plausible “when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. “The plausibility standard is not akin to a ‘probability requirement,’ but it asks for more than a sheer possibility that a defendant has acted unlawfully.” Id. (quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556). II. Retaliation Claim Defendants argue plaintiff cannot plausibly allege a First Amendment retaliation claim because she has not alleged that she engaged in protected activity. The Court agrees. The First Amendment prohibits government officials from subjecting a public employee to retaliatory actions for exercising the employee’s free speech rights under the First Amendment. Holley v. County of Orange, 625 F. Supp. 2d 131, 140 (S.D.N.Y. 2009). “To prevail on a First Amendment retaliation claim, a public employee must establish: (1) that the speech at issue was protected, (2) that he suffered an adverse employment action, and (3) that there was a causal connection between the protected speech and the adverse employment action.” Diesel v. Town of Lewisboro, 232 F.3d 92, 107 (2d Cir. 2000). “[T]o determine whether a public employee’s speech is constitutionally protected, courts must determine both [whether] the employee spoke as a private citizen and [whether] the speech at issue addressed a matter of public concern.” Montero v. City of Yonkers, 890 F.3d 386, 393 (2d Cir. 2018) (citing Garcetti v. Ceballos, 547 U.S. 410, 417 (2006)). “[W]hen public employees make statements pursuant to their official duties, the employees are not speaking as citizens for First Amendment purposes, and the Constitution does not insulate their communications from employer discipline.” Garcetti v. Ceballos, 547 U.S. at 421. “If the court determines that the plaintiff either did not speak as a citizen or did not speak on a matter of public concern, the employee has no First Amendment cause of action based on his or her employer’s reaction to the speech.” Sousa v. Roque, 578 F.3d 164, 170 (2d Cir. 2009). When asking whether a public employee spoke as a private citizen, the “critical question…is whether the speech at issue is itself ordinarily within the scope of [the] employee’s duties, not whether it merely concerns those duties.” Montero v. City of Yonkers, 890 F.3d at 398. To answer that question, courts “examine the nature of the plaintiff’s job responsibilities, the nature of the speech, and the relationship between the two. Other contextual factors, such as whether the complaint was also conveyed to the public, may properly influence a court’s decision.” Ross v. Breslin, 693 F.3d 300, 306 (2d Cir. 2012). Indeed, “[w]hen a public employee speaks pursuant to [his or her] employment responsibilities…there is no relevant analogue to speech by citizens who are not government employees.” Montero v. City of Yonkers, 890 F.3d at 395 (alteration in original). Here, the Court finds plaintiff has not plausibly alleged her speech was protected because plaintiff does not adequately allege she spoke as a private citizen on a matter of public concern. Plaintiff’s sole allegation of protected speech pertains to the winter 2018 meeting during which plaintiff says she was prompted by Principal Barnes to offer her view on whether having security on some buses but not others was racist. For the reasons that follow, plaintiff’s claim that this was protected activity is misguided because the incident falls squarely within her duties as Interim Assistant Principal. First, plaintiff alleges she was prompted to speak by her supervisor, Principal Barnes, on an issue respecting the School. (See Compl. 47). Plaintiff alleges she offered her opinion, in conflict with Barnes’s stated position, that having security on certain buses was not racist. There is no indication in the complaint that plaintiff was speaking as a private citizen on a matter of public concern. Second, although plaintiff alleges the incident occurred at a public meeting, she includes no factual support for this assertion. She does not allege who attended the meeting, whether the meeting was comprised of school personnel or the general public. Instead, her complaint merely alleges that she “publicly commented during a public meeting” in a “public forum.” (Compl.

 
Reprints & Licensing
Mentioned in a Law.com story?

License our industry-leading legal content to extend your thought leadership and build your brand.

More From ALM

With this subscription you will receive unlimited access to high quality, online, on-demand premium content from well-respected faculty in the legal industry. This is perfect for attorneys licensed in multiple jurisdictions or for attorneys that have fulfilled their CLE requirement but need to access resourceful information for their practice areas.
View Now
Our Team Account subscription service is for legal teams of four or more attorneys. Each attorney is granted unlimited access to high quality, on-demand premium content from well-respected faculty in the legal industry along with administrative access to easily manage CLE for the entire team.
View Now
Gain access to some of the most knowledgeable and experienced attorneys with our 2 bundle options! Our Compliance bundles are curated by CLE Counselors and include current legal topics and challenges within the industry. Our second option allows you to build your bundle and strategically select the content that pertains to your needs. Both options are priced the same.
View Now
September 05, 2024
New York, NY

The New York Law Journal honors attorneys and judges who have made a remarkable difference in the legal profession in New York.


Learn More
September 06, 2024
Johannesburg

The African Legal Awards recognise exceptional achievement within Africa s legal community during a period of rapid change.


Learn More
September 12, 2024
New York, NY

Consulting Magazine identifies the best firms to work for in the consulting profession.


Learn More

Educational law firm seeks highly motivated Litigation Associate admitted in New Jersey with 3-6 years of first chair trial litigation exper...


Apply Now ›

McCarter & English, LLP is actively seeking a junior to midlevel litigation associate for its office located in Wilmington, DE. Two to f...


Apply Now ›

Boston, MA; Minneapolis, MN; New York, NY; Philadelphia, PA; Pittsburgh, PA; Princeton, NJ; Washington, D.C.; West Palm Beach, FL Descriptio...


Apply Now ›
06/27/2024
The American Lawyer

Professional Announcement


View Announcement ›