In March 2011, the United States Supreme Court resolved a split in the lower courts over the scope of what has come to be known as the “cat’s-paw” theory of liability. In Staub v. Proctor Hospital, 131 S. Ct. 1186 (2011), the Court held that an employer can be held liable based on the discriminatory or retaliatory animus of an employee who influenced, but did not make, the employment decision at issue.

Though the Staub decision involved the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA), it has been applied to Title VII claims and is expected to apply with equal force to other federal and state antidiscrimination and antiretaliation statutes. Recent cases have begun to define Staub’s reach.

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