As many military servicemembers would tell you, “Explosively Formed Penetrators” (“EFP”) were among the most lethal technologies deployed by our enemies during Operation Iraqi Freedom.  EFP’s are a type of Improvised Explosive Device consisting of a concave-shaped copper bowl, sitting on top of a metal tube that is packed with explosives. Iraqi insurgent forces—operating with the support and assistance of the Islamic Republic of Iran—would disguise these EFP devices and place them alongside a well-traveled road. Insurgents would then remotely detonate the explosive device at a passing military convoy. Immediately upon explosion, the concave copper plate would deform into bullet-like projectile that would pierce through multiple layers of armor like a warm knife through butter. The results were devastating.

The influence of Iran in developing and deploying the EFP technology has given rise to hundreds of lawsuits filed in U.S. Federal Courts, whereby injured service-members are seeking recovery against Iran for their wartime injuries. To recover, the injured servicemembers rely on 28 U.S.C. § 1605A, which states:

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