Involuntary Termination of Parental Rights • Guardian ad Litem • Attorney • Child's Best Interest • Child's Legal Interest • Dual Roles

In Re Adopt ion of L.B.M., PICS Case No. 17-0886 (Pa. March 28, 2017) Wecht, J., Saylor, C.J. (concurring), Baer, J. (dissenting) (31 pages).

The courts erred in failing to appoint a counsel for the children in a contested TPR proceeding where the children had a guardian ad litem who was an attorney because the clear language of §2313(a) required the appointment of counsel who served the child's legal interests and a GAL, who advocated for the child' best interests, could not perform both roles. Reversed.

Children were placed with CYS and adjudicated dependent due to mother's impending homelessness and father's incarceration. The trial court appointed a GAL for the children at the beginning of the dependency proceedings. Mother was later incarcerated for probation violations. CYS filed a TPR petition and trial court declined to terminate mother's rights finding that she had obtained both housing and employment and attended almost all of her available visits and bonded with the children. Children were scheduled to be reunited with mother but mother was again incarcerated for a probation violation and the GAL filed a second TPR petition citing mother's re-incarceration and the cancellation of her visiting privileges. Mother petitioned for the appointment of counsel for the children, citing §2313(a), and noting that the GAL's position could be adverse to the children's position. The trial court denied mother's petition, focused on the second sentence of §2313(a) which gave the court authority to appoint counsel or a GAL and held that the GAL would best represent the children's interests. The trial court terminated mother's parental rights and she appealed arguing that the trial court erred in denying her motion for appointment of counsel for the children and abused its discretion in terminating her parental rights. A divided panel of the Superior Court affirmed and mother appealed.