During his first term, Pennsylvania Attorney General Josh Shapiro announced the creation of the first-ever Fair Labor Section of the Office of Attorney General to combat what he described as wage theft, tip stealing, misclassification and similar unlawful actions/discriminatory practices in the workplace. Since then, Shapiro has chosen to use his new section's most powerful tool against Pennsylvania's $34.3 billion construction industry, criminally prosecuting construction firms or their owners for allegedly misclassifying employees as independent contractors and intentionally failing to pay them a prevailing wage. The latest subject of the Attorney General's fair labor initiative is construction mainstay Glenn O. Hawbaker, Inc. (Hawbaker), one of the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation's (PennDOT) largest highway contractors, for allegedly diverting approximately $20 million in fringe benefits owed to its prevailing wage employees for use by the company as a whole. While Shapiro's latest prosecution raises the possibility of several legal defenses discussed below, construction firms dependent on public works projects should endeavor to stiffen their compliance with prevailing wage laws or face the increasing likelihood of criminal prosecution.