Parties often prefer to arbitrate disputes rather than litigate in (public) courts. For that reason, the U.S. Supreme Court has considered several arbitration-related challenges in recent years. For example, the court heard argument in November in Badgerow v. Walters—a case presenting the question whether federal courts have subject-matter jurisdiction to confirm or vacate arbitration awards in cases where the only basis for jurisdiction is that the underlying dispute involved federal law.