In December 2017, former President Donald Trump signed into law the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Among the many provisions of the act was a provision that eliminated the tax exemption for municipal bonds that advance refunded another series of bonds. Prior to its passage, issuers had the ability to issue such bonds on a tax-exempt basis, and did so for a variety of reasons, including to achieve debt service savings. With the loss of tax-exempt status for advance refunding bonds issued after the passage of the act, issuers and their advisers have searched for alternatives to the traditional tax-exempt advance refunding model.