Imagine you've purchased some land and plan to build your dream home. You know you need several government approvals, and your contractor says this includes something called a "Chapter 102″ permit. No problem. The folks at the Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) are helpful. You provide them with everything they ask for, and the permit is issued. Then, you get a "notice of appeal." A neighbor does not want you to build and has challenged DEP's permitting decision. After several months of litigation, DEP tweaks an error it made in the permit and then settles the lawsuit. Now your neighbor wants you to pay for his lawyer's fees in that litigation. Can they do that? Following a recent decision from Pennsylvania's Supreme Court, the answer is probably yes. If you're thinking that feels unfair—maybe even unconstitutional—you may be right.