Regardless of size or industry, responding to employee complaints is a common issue employers face. Workplace investigations take many forms and can be instigated by an employer, an employee or a third party. Investigations may stem from disciplinary procedures, grievances, bullying/harassment allegations and whistleblowing.

Recent data shows that employees are more empowered than ever to file workplace complaints following the #MeToo movement, heightened interest in conduct issues from governmental and regulatory bodies, and numerous high-profile cases appearing in the media. The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted an increase in written complaints, leading in turn to more formal processes and investigations, and less informal action. An additional layer of complexity is added for employers operating in multiple jurisdictions across the United States and even internationally, requiring compliance with a labyrinth of distinct laws.