Weighing in on a former Jewish student's allegations that she faced antisemitic discrimination at Carnegie Mellon University, a federal judge in Pennsylvania clarified the "murky" standards established in "severe and pervasive" hostile educational environment claims.

In a Dec. 17 decision, U.S. District Judge W. Scott Hardy for the Western District of Pennsylvania held Yael Canaan overcame the university's motion to dismiss claims of direct discrimination, hostile educational environment, and retaliation in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The court notably determined the disjunctive "severe-or-pervasive" standard applied to Canaan's hostile educational environment claim, rejecting the university's reliance on the heightened "severe-pervasive-and-objectively-offensive" standard.