Circumstantial evidence may establish the authenticity of disputed text messages and emails, a Lebanon County judge has ruled, even without direct evidence.

In an evidentiary ruling in Light v. Esbenshade, Lebanon County Court of Common Pleas Judge Bradford H. Charles examined emails and text messages sent from phones that the defendant allegedly controlled. In determining which text messages and emails would be admitted into the child-custody case, Charles said circumstantial evidence, even without testimony from an Internet or cellular service provider, may be critical to the determination.

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