California Civil Code § 43.5 bars any cause of action for "seduction of a person over the age of legal consent." (§ 43.5(c)). In modern practice, § 43.5 broadly prohibits civil actions by adult victims of sexual exploitation who are coerced into sex through nonphysical means. "Seduction," used in this and similar statutes nationwide, historically meant persuading unmarried, sexually abstinent women to engage in sexual activity using influence, trickery, misrepresentation, or the like. (Richelle L. v. Roman Cath. Archbishop, 106 Cal. App. 4th 257, 267).