Fabricant Law of New York filed patent infringement complaints against six major companies—Costco, Kroger, Shell, Starbucks, Walmart and Volkswagen—for allegedly using contactless payment technology that violates the rights of its client.

Five of the claims were filed last Thursday in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas on behalf of RFCyber Corp. of Plano, Texas. The complaint against Volkswagen was filed Tuesday in the same court.