Irma Renteria-Morales (Renteria) and Maria Jesus Rivera de Alvarado (Rivera) were both natives and citizens of Mexico. Renteria, a lawful permanent resident of the United States, pleaded guilty to bail jumping in violation of 18 U.S.C. §3146. The information had charged that, after being released in connection with a charge of possession with intent to distribute marijuana and directed to appear before an Arizona state court, Renteria willfully failed to appear.

The government petitioned for an order of removal, asserting that Renteria was subject to removal under 8 U.S.C. §1227(a)2(A)(iii) since she had been convicted of an aggravated felony. The government contended that a violation of §3146 constituted an aggravated felony for purposes of 8 U.S.C. §1101(a)(43)(T). The immigration judge agreed.