The court of appeals affirmed a district court judgment in part and reversed in part. The court held that the National Voter Registration Act superseded Arizona’s invalid voter registration requirement, imposed pursuant to Proposition 200, that prospective voters present documentary proof of citizenship in order to register to vote. The court held further that Arizona’s requirement that registered voters present proof of identification in order to cast a ballot at the polls did not violate the Voting Rights Act or constitute an unlawful poll tax in violation of the Twenty-Fourth or Fourteenth Amendments.

In 2004, Arizona voters passed a state initiative known as Proposition 200. Among other changes to the state’s election laws, Proposition 200 amended the procedures for voter registration and for checking voters’ identification at polling places in both state and federal elections.