The court of appeals reversed a judgment of the district court. The court held the Montana Wilderness Study Act of 1977, which requires that the 1977 wilderness character of a study area be “maintained,” did not prohibit the U.S. Forest from enhancing the wilderness character of a study area.

The U.S. Forest Service issued a 2007 travel management plan governing recreational motorized and non-motorized use of 1.1 million acres of the Lewis & Clark National Forest. The Service’s draft environmental impact report (DEIS) listed five summer alternatives and three winter alternatives. The final plan adopted summer alternative 5, with several modifications, and winter alternative 2.