Injunctive relief has long been recognized as “the remedy of choice” for trademark infringement under the Lanham Act (15 U.S.C. §1116) because “there is no adequate remedy at law for the injury caused by a defendant’s continuing infringement.” Century 21 Real Estate v. Sandlin. As such, the Ninth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals has repeatedly stated that in determining the availability of injunctive relief, “irreparable injury may be presumed from a showing of likelihood of success on the merits.” GoTo.com, Inc. v. Walt Disney Co..

The Supreme Court’s 2006 opinion, eBay Inc. v. Mercexchange, L.L.C., overruled the presumption in favor of injunctive relief as a remedy for patent infringement. Thus, a plaintiff seeking a permanent injunction must meet the traditional four-factor test, demonstrating: “(1) that it has suffered an irreparable injury; (2) that remedies available at law, such as monetary damages, are inadequate to compensate for that injury; (3) that, considering the balance of hardships between the plaintiff and defendant, a remedy in equity is warranted; and (4) that the public interest would not be disserved by a permanent injunction.”

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