A party that infringes every element of a patent is known as a direct infringer. “Divided infringement” or “joint infringement” occurs when no single party has infringed all elements of the claim, but several parties have combined to do so. This tends to occur most commonly in cases of method claims, in which multiple parties perform the different steps of the method and their combined efforts cover all elements of the claim.

The same issue applies to system claims, in which the system functions as a result of the actions of different people. This is of particular relevance to IT-related system patents which, for example, require actions to be implemented by a server and a client.

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