An arbitration panel called under the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement has ruled against Mexico in a dispute with the U.S. over imports of genetically modified corn, which Mexico sees as a threat to the integrity of native corn varieties that are sacred to its culture and also a risk to human health.

The USMCA panel agreed with the U.S. on all seven legal claims, finding that Mexico’s measures are not based on science and undermine the market access that Mexico agreed to provide under the USMCA.